Carbureter.



O. H. ENSIGN.

OARBURETER.

AYPMGATION FILED APR.11, 1912.

Patented June 10, 1913.

v ne 1 rwT/ZeJ-{Emsyfz is to constantly produce .hy the inlet. the outlet and UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE,

CARBURETER.

Specification of Letters Patent.A

la touted June 10, l 913.

Application filed. April 11, 1912; Serial No. 690,191.

To all '1o/mm, 15 muy concern.:

Be it known't-hat OnviLLn Humm EN- sion', a citizen of the United States. residing* at Los Angeles, in the county of Los Angoles and State of California, have discovered and invented new and useful Improvements in Carbureters, of which the fol lowing is a specification..

This invention relates to a certain discovery and invention described. in myl application for Letterslhtent tiled Jan. 5, 1912, Serial No. (369672 in which a. vortex is employedv in carluireting' liquid hydrocarbons, and to improvements thereon.

An object of this discovery' and invention under all loads and ctnnlnustihle mixture and air: and to conconditions a uniform ot' liquid hydrocarbon struct. a carbureter of of simple parts that may he'emploved to automatically produce the results desired. without need of adjustment of the parts that etlect the mixture after the carhureter leaves the factory.

Another object is to provide means for closely adjustingA the level ofthe liquid fuel in the supply chamber to very near the level ot' the top of the supplv nozzle, this being essential to maintain a constant mixture unde all loads and conditions )Vith permanent. mixture adjustment.

A further object of the invention is to provide a. construction of carbure-ter Wheretions may he easily shifted to any desired positions relative to each other around a common axis, so as to facilitate installation on different types of engines.

lV apprehend that in order to produce an ideal fuel mixture for internal comlmstion engines it. is necessary that the correct proportions of air and liquid he mixed in such a manner that throughout the mixture each atom of the hydrocarbon .shall he brou t into close proximity to the necessary roms ofoxygrt-fn so that' when ignition occurs` the proper ehemical union called combustion 'will take place ivitluait any oxygen or fuel remaining uncomhined; the quantity of." liquid vzi'p'orizedshould he regulated solely h v the wein'htof the air with whichy it is mixed and L'that'the air and liquid should he so int-chai)ieally inte will he uniform througl'urut itsmass. It is therefore a principle of this 2l llllllllllllll'l llllllllel' the fuel connecmixed that the mixtureinvention that the forces` employed to make the mixture .shall work in even and uinlisturhed relation with euch other. .l have discovered thatl this even and undisturbed inter-aetiou of the air and liquid can die induced and maintained by introducing the liquid to the low pressure Zone of a vortex body or in other words, a helical stream of air, and holdingl ciroumferentially confined for:

the aiiI body a period sutlicient to allow the liquid under the action of centrifugal forces to permeate the body, and then withdrawing the mix` ,ture ln this ai7 the centrifugal forces I acting' on the. liquid particles tend in a direcl tion transverse to the paths of the air jtieles and this results l liquid. particles by l the air particles. l mate mixture of l duced. l regard this invention as pioneer in varilous respects.:among which may he meutioued the use of a vortex to eltiect the mix ing and the use of a .litet tube, vortex and related parts to etiect the regulation of the liquid supply hy the action ofthe air supplv.

A further feature of improvement consists in maintaining' the normal liquid level of the hydrocarbon `supply just' below the level of a supply nozzle orifice. the .valls of ivh-ich are of minimized length and which orix'ice is in a thin plate forming' the top ot.' a vvide bore supplyv nozzle so that the amount ofliijnid passiimA through the nozzle will be determined onliY la; diit'erences of air pres- `sures and the afftion ol' gravity and will not, he a llected hv Siphon action.

l'l e accoinjuinxing drawings the invention. j l Figure 1 is a. plan .section on irregular Iline1H-mH Fig. il, of a carluireter conl parin separating the frictional contact with so that au even and intithe air and oil will he proillustrate structed to carry out this invention. Fig. Q is a vertical mid-section on line in, Figs. 1, il. l and Fig. 3 a broken elevation from the left of Figs. 1 andi); dotted linys indicating interior eonstruction. Fig. 4 is a view from the rear of Fig. 3;-parts beingr J bro-ken away to illustrate the valve action. I Fig. 5 is a plan section through the vortex chamberand air inlet on line af'. Figs. f2, fl I and t3. itin'. ti a.t'rag'inentalsectional elevation'on irregular l` View. 1 and 5, shoninn' the .misil i air inlet and vortex carbureting chamber. lFig. 7 is an enlarged fragmental detached .detail of the supply nozzle and ,the parts forming the passage between the supply and carbureting` chambers. y 1 j A The shell of the carbureter is practically formed of vonly three pieces, viz., the body a, outlet/ member b andv cap c, held together by lower and upper bolts d and e and wing nuts f, g, the bolts d, e being hollow at their inner ends to form a nozzle chamber it, and screwed 'together' inside the shell, and into a transverse partitioni inside the shell which is mainly circular in cross-section and is diL vided by said partit-io-n into superposed supply'and earbureting chambers y', kcommunication from one to the other being provided by inlet ports m fromvthe supply chamber into the nozzle chamber It, and outlet ports n from thefnozzle chamberh to the carbu-v reting chamber k. l y

The lower bolt d is provided with a shoulder j tion i which is provided with a centrally ar- "ranged threaded orifice r for that purpose.

I''lhe'upper bolt c is hollow at its lower end id` screws down upon the hollow threaded end portion g. The supply nozzle 1 "is provided with va flange 2 clamped on'the threaded end' g by .the upper bolt c, and)- its upper end is a thin plate provided with a minute central supply orifice 3. The carbureting chamber k isprovided witha tangential airrinlet 4 into which is screwed and tit-ted a carefully-formed true contracted vein air inlet nozzle 5, thus constituting a snail-shell like air inlet and car- Abureting chamber having an axial downward outlet formed by the circular mixture outlet nozzle 6 formed in the outlet member b and communicating with the return bend 7 forming the mixture passage which may .have a drain cock 8 and may be controlled by a butterfly valve 9 and may be `fitted to a.

suitable connection` 10 that may. lead to an internal combustion engine 'or other vacuum producing or mixture receiving appliance; not shown.'V

The supply chamber is provided with a hollow projection 11A forming the supply valve chamber and the supply-way communicating with the supply chamber '7' in I -which* is mounted the valveY float 12 fastened by a screw 113 to alever 14 that is journaledon an eccentric pin 15 in position to *contactl with "the valve stem 16 working "through a guide 17 tohold the valve 18to close the valve seat 19 which is connected by-fr Asuitable means as the union 20 with the fuel supply pipe 21. The guide 17 is seated in Slotted bushing 22 screwed into the ,floor of the-hollowprojection 11; the lower end of t-h'e` uide being tapered and the upper end ofgte `bushing beingslottjed at 23 to.

and with hollow externally threaded 'portion q that is screwed through the parti` allow the liquid to flow into the Vsupply chamber .when the valve .is raised bythe liquid in pipe 21.

The eccentric ,pm 15 which carries the valve lever 14 is mounted by its journal 24 in a bearing 25 formed in of the walls' of the valve chamberrand i' 4vfprovided with means as the slot 26 by which it may be turned, to adjust thelever 14 to raise or lower the valve float. -12 to determine the level at which the liquid inthe chamber y' will stand when the float 12 holds the valve 18 closed againstr the pressure of the liquid fuel inthe pipe 21.. such pressure being at all times sullicient to cause the unobstructed 4liquid to flow from the valve into the supply valve chamber 11 from which it -will flow by gravity into the .supply chamber. A setscrewY 27 screwed against the journal holds lthe lever pin in its adjusted position..

A. distributer 28 which is-preferably eo-nical and hollow at its lower end is mounted onthe bolt d below the fuel ort. n,^being `preferably formed integra-l with the bolt;'

and its lower end termlnates at about lthe level of the upper end of the outlet npzzle 6, there being an open space ormingjan'annular passage 29 leading underneath lth'e dis-A 1 tributer to the mixture nozzle" 6. A',lhe air inlet nozzle .5 is provided with" a .straight portion 30 arranged tangentially relative to the circular mixing chamber 7c, thus giving it a snail shell likeform; and inside said straight portion 30 is provided the receiving end of a Pitot tube communicating with thesup'ply chamber j above the liquid level.. :Said Pitot tube may be formed by a small bent tube 31 and a bore 32 intowhich lthe tube is inserted; the bore being termed in the side wall of the chamber' and terminating near the upper end thereof.

The bolts d and e are provided with .i

wrench seats 33 by which they'inay bev turned to screw them together in gplace; and. when the parts are assembled, the wing' nuts f and g or ,either may be loosened so as to allow the cap and the outlet end-piece or either to be rotated or to be removed as may be desirable. In this manner the air. inlet nozzle 5 and the mixture outlet 10 may be relatively shifted, thus adapting the carbureter for attachment to different kinds of engines.

The cap c may be provided 'with the usual priming deviceccmprising a pin 34 working through a bushing 35 that is screwed into the top of the cap c; said pin being pressed upward .by the spring 36 between the bushing and the head 37 of the pin; and the bellcrank lever 38 pivotally mounted by pin 39 zle orifice 3 for priming purposes, An annular drip cup lf2 is formeel around the lilixlune outlet nozzle l5 to receive the drip fnoin .the dislribuler thus to hohl liquid fuel in position to he taken up by air .sucked toward the nozzle 6 by the action of the engine, not shown, when starting.

In practice the Carlini-eter being connected by the pipe l with an internal ctnnlnistion engine, not shown, and ,by the pipe 2l Iwith n liquid fuel Supply,y not shown, having` sul:- lieienthead to cause a flow of l 'iuiel past the valve 18 when .the liquid level nl the supply chamber j is below normal and the lloat l2 lowered? will li uid will flow into the Supply chamber and arlljustnient ol1v the iloat inay be had by turning the eccentric pin until the float will allow the engine prees-ure to open the valve whenever the liquid level in the supply chamber sinks a fraction below the level of the top of the nozzle, so that any slight re duction of air pressure in the cnrbureting chamber below that in the supply chamber will cause liquid to flow through the ori-v fice.

The adjusting journal 2l may be'turned lo adjust the pin l so that the lloat will open A,and close .the "alve as the liquid level lluet-uates just below vthe level of the orifice 3. When suction is .produced in the outlet,

passage l2, thue4 causingy the air to flor."

through the inlet, nozzle 5, the mixing channher k and the mixture outlet nozzle (3./ the body of air in the carbareting chamber will he caused to rotate in the chamber in alle-lb cal tre-a1n, there being' created by Such son tion a zoneof low vpressure at the bottom ot the carbureting chamber, and by reaeou ot' the centrifugal .torce within the rotating lstream .of air, a Central zone of low pressure is induced at the Center Qual of the earbureting chamber.

The dilferenee between the ressure of the upper low pressure zone andp the air prese sure on the ,surface of the liquid in the sup ply chalnl'mr Caunes the liquid in the nozzle chamber to rise from the port n. :unlllow over the enfl ot the Suglply nozzle and through the small Circular orilire 3, whence it falls through the large nozzle boie el?) which is Specially enlarged, to amici ino afi-- llion of capillaryy attraction between the orii time 3 and the port n, which may f zonrsist of a plumlity of perforatieine ae Shown in The ytall of pressure in the upper low in A`the uumnsry yohlunber 1:y 'proportional to l inerente zone heleny that he weight :unl square or" the velocity of the an in the noz- "lainmty be reati for action and they .Y

o t' the upper.`

5 being formed as a carefully-lapereil Conlrartecl Vein funnel, eliuiinatis, when open to quiet' atmospheric air. the niallor portion ol the lorenz flue lo entry heini; and when so opened allows llle Vaporizer lo func-tion well without the Pilot tube and with the supply chamber open to atmospheric air; so that the op f may in Sonie inferences be remove-il wihoul destroying the Value ot' the vapvrizer under quiescent atmospheric conA (lllionss. v

The object ol the Pilot tube is to eliminate ent head lenses whatever they may he. to rfa: v tert working al all times, and to mehr il a lille lo connect the air nozzle by lueam of pipes, not showin to a supply olt healeil air lor tfarluiretino liquid fuels not ene-ily unrliuriz'zeil. Such' healing of the air and the friction in the Vpipe n'ientioned will causo rz'u'efar-lion of the air .supplied through air inlet nozzle 5; and the Pilot tube takes into account the varying weight of suen air and illus arljuets the pressure in the Supply rhanllier j with reference to the preeffiue in lilil carlnueting chamber so aS lo keep the flitl'wenco ol' pressure across the orilm: always proportional to the weight and square ol' the velocity of the incoming air. frlherelfore the rlillerenee in pressure between the supply chamber and the center of the tw ot the carhui'eling chamber is, regal-tl4 of the quantity or density of the air llo l 'the proper pressure to conse liquid proportmal to the weight ot the mppliell fair, le flow through the orice 3. (lon.V uontly when the float line been aillo hohl (he liquid iu the Supply charnel* a rlrfulmi-iie l level Close to the top ol4 the apply nozzle o, the proportions of liquid and air which will be contained in the mixture {lowingllu-ougli the outlet nozzie t3 will remain conelant under all conditions.

linler orflinar;v engine action the Velocil'v ot the air through the iuiilflle #houiller will be very gre-ut and einer lhe liquid is delivered lo ihr renter or vortex ot ille re- Yi'vlx'ing llotljif of air :unl lliereal'ter partakefs ol' the liigfli Speed ol'l Huch oir7 i y#pecilic gravity- Iv-eing; greater than the air, gives il a tendf Y to 'torce its way outward and y nl' the wana; linie its downward bei, comparal'ively slow to its rotary uan'eo'ieut. The lower intl ol" the Carlini-@ting cham- 'oer Qontraeterl or drawn in, so that the hotly of air is gradually contracted to the space underneath the lisiributen Care is lolo-n, however, that such shall not be 'l i {truss-sectional armi lhan that Within 1 lelronneclion so hat there is no aceeleraliion ot' the mixture greater then that in the ari n l Y one of the wingnulsi the Clip ne outlet member, as the may he,

can be detached thus giving access to the supply chamber and the float Valve or. to the carbureting chamber; and. by unscrewing the-top bolt, access may be had to the nozzle which 'may be removed-and replaced with another, not shown, having a different size orifice, thus to accommodate different kinds of fuel, if found necessary or desirable.

It is to be noted that the nozzle chamber serves as means to seal the nozzle orifice 3 against the airpressure of the supply chamber and that the air pressure in the nozzle chamber is controlled by the vortex.-

The mixture outlet nozzle is extended about the floor of the chamber so as to turn the rotating current upon itself as the mixture is emitted.

It is) understoodgthat the low pressure' zones at top and bottom *off the vortex carbureting chamber may be produced by forcing air'through the tangential air inlet into the circular chamber either by atmospheric pre'ssure o r by air pressure in excess a cap fitting the upper seat; a bolt threaded at bot-h ends', one end of the bolt being hollow and screwed through the`partition and provided with a port opening into the carbureting chamber; the lower end of said bolt extending through the 'out-let member i and provided with a nut to hold 'the outlet member in place; an upper bolt having a hollow lower end screwed onto the upper end of the first bolt and provided with a port from the supply chamber to the interior of the bolt; the upper end of said upper bolt extending through the cap and provided with a nut to engage the cap; the cavities of the two bolts forming a nozzle chamber; a nozzle mounted in Said nozzle chamber and provided at the top with an orifice; and means-to maintain a liquid level in said supply and nozzle chambers just be- Plow the level of the top of the nozzle. Y

2. A carburetor comprising a body having upper'and lower terminal seats and between said seats a supply chamber, a snail shell like air inlet and carburet-ing chamber below the supply chamber anda centrally perforated partition between tlie supply chamber and carbureting chamber; an outletmember fitting the lower end of the body and ro,-

tatable thereon; a cap fitting the upper ia bolt threaded at both ends, one end of the bolt being hollow and screwed through the partition and provided with a port opening c into the carbureting chamber; the lower endl in said supply nozzle chambers just below the level of the top of the nozzle. l

3. A carbureter comprising a body having upper and lower terminal seats and beftween said seats a supply chamber, a snail shell like air inlet and carburetiiig chamber below the supply chamber and a centrally perforated partition between the supply chamber and carbureting chamber; an outlet member fitting the lower seat of the body; a

cap fitting the upper seat; a bolt threaded at both ends, one end of the bolt being hollow and screwed through the partition and provided with a port opening into the carbureting chamber; the lower end of said bolt extending through the outlet member and provided with a nut to hold the outlet member in place; an upper bolt having a hollow lower end screwed onto the upper end of the first bolt and provided with a. port from the supply chamber to the interior 'of the bolt; the upper end of said upper bolt extending' through the cap and provided with a nut to engage the cap; the cavities of the two bolts formiii a nozzle chamber; a nozzle mounted in said nozzle chamber and provided at theptop with an orifice;'means to maintain a liquid level in said supply and nozzle chambers just below the level of the top of the nozzle; and'a distributer. in the carbureting chamber below the supply port.

4.' A earbureter .comprising ay bodyhaving upper and lower termina-ligfiets and between said seats a supply "chamber, a snail shell like air inlet and carbureting chamber below the supply chamber and a centrally perforated partition`between 'the supply chamber and carbureting chamber; an out.- let member fitting. the lowei` seat of the orifice; and means to maintain a liquid level body; a cap fitting the upper seat; a bolt end screwed onto tbe upper end of` the first bolt and provided with a port from the supply chamber to the interior of the bolt; t e upper end of said upper bolt extending through the cap and provided with a nut to engage the cap; the cavities of the two bolts forming a nozzle chamber; a nozzle mounted in said nozzle chamber and provided at the top with an orifice; and means to maintain a liquid level in said supply and nozzle chambers just below the level of the top of the nozzle.

5. A carburetor coniprising a body having a supply chamber, a snail shell like alr inlet' and carbureting chamber below the supply chamber and a centrally perforated partltion between the supply chamber and carbureting chamber; an outlet member fittin the lower end of the body; a bolt screwe ,into the partition and provided with a port opening into the carbureting chamber; a distributer on said bolt; the lower end of said bolt extending through the outlet member and provided with a nut to hold the outlet member in place; and means to supply liquid to tbe port. l

6. A carbureter comprising a body having upper and lower terminal seats and between said seats a supply chamber, a snail shell like air inlet and carbureting chamber below the supply chamber` and a centrally perforated partition between the supply chamber and carburetiug chamber; an outlet member fitting the lower seat of the body; a cap fitting the upper seat; a bolt threaded at both ends, one end of the bolt being hollow and screwed through the partition and provided with a passage opening into the carbureting' chamber; the lower end of said bolt extending through the outlet member and provided with a nut to hold the outlet member in place; an u per bolt having a hollow lower end screwe onto the upper end of the first bolt and provided with a port from the su ply chamber to the interior of the bolt; tIhe upper end of said upper bolt extending through the cap and provided with a nut to enga e-the cap; the cavities of the two bolts orming a nozzle chamber; and a nozzle located in such nozzle chamber and having a thin plate elevated above the supply chamber port and having a central perforation, and a large bore below such perforation.

7. A carbureter bodyprovidcd with upper and lower termina] seats, a liquid supl ply chamber anda carl'mreting chamber between the seats; a partition between the supply and mixing chambers and an air inlet into the earbureting chamber; the lower terminal seat being annular, and there being a port between the supply chamber and carbureting chamber; an outlet member fitting the lower seat' and rotatable thereon; a bolt secured to the partition and provided with a nut screwed on` the bolt and engaging the outlet member to secure it to said circular seat.

8. The carbureter shell set forth compris'- ing a body provided with a partition, with open-ended chambers on opposite sides of the partition there being a liquid inlet into one chamber, an opening thro-ugh the partition and an air inlet into the other chamber; a mixture outlet member on the end of the second chamber; a bolt connecting the outlet ORVILLE HIRAM ENSIGN.

In presence of* JAMES R. TowNsENn, L. BELLE Rica. 

